<text>You are about search for bibliographical information in the water resources database, brought to you by the New Mexico Museum of Natural History and the USDA Forest Service Partners in environmental education. To start browsing through the bibliography, just click on the mouse.</text>
<text>Lewis, Michael. "Aquatic inhabitants of a min waste stream in Arizona." USDA Forest Service research note RM ; 349. 7 pages. Issued November 1977.</text>
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<text>Subjects: 1. Aquatic ecology -- Arizona. 2. Copper mines and mining -- Arizona -- Waste disposal. 3. Water quality -- Arizona.Location: Zimmerman Government Publications.Call Number: #A 13.79: RM-349</text>
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<text>DROUGHT AFFLICTS BISON IN HENERY MOUNTAINSHIGH COUNTRY NEWS - DECEMBER 31, 1991A third of Utah's wild bison herd won't make it through the winter. Four years of drought have forced Utah's wildlife agency to issue 115 special bison hunting permits in addition to the usual 65.The herd in the Henry Mountains of Utah is the only free roaming, huntable herd in the United States. For 27 of the last 40 years, a limited number of hunters have been allowed to kill these trophy animals in "once-in-a-lifetime" hunts.It was no different this year until wildlife officers counted the herd and checked the quality of their desert range. The biologists expected to find 350 animals, but they counted almost 600. The bison had stripped their summer and their winter range, looking for food on drought-ravaged land.Fifty years ago, the Utah Division of Wildlife Resources transplanted 18 Yellowstone bison near Robbers Roost and the Dirty Devil River in southern Utah, an area so remote that it was one of the 1ast places in the continental United States to be explored and mapped. The herd gradually moved west until it settled in the Henry Mountains.This small mountain range rises above the desert plateaus between Capitol Reef National Park and Lake Powell. Its highest peak, Mount Ellen, has an altitude of 11,615 feet. The bison range from the scree-covered peak to the lowlands of Apple Brush Flat and the canyons of Tarantula Mesa. They roam across 600 square miles.The herd usually summers on the hillsides of Mount Ellen and Mount Pennell. But this summer the bison spent August and September on their winter range, eating the scarce grasses between the sagebrush down to stubble."Usually there's four-to-six-inch-high grass for the herd to winter on. Right now there's nothing," said Jim Karpowitz, the regional big game manager. "If we have a severe winter, some of the animals could starve. We're trying to avoid this with a bigger harvest."The drought has put the buffalo in a no-win situation. Southern Utah needs snow this winter to put moisture back into the parched desen If it doesn't snow, the drought could continue next summer."Drought is the main reason for taking so many buffalo," Karpowitz explained, "but we also have an agreement with the BLM to limit the herd to 250."Grazing rights on the Henry Mountains have long been allocated to local ranchers. Bison, which eat the same things as cattle, are competition for an already scarce resourceΓÇö grass. Under the 1982 agreement that limited the bison herd to 250 head, piflon and juniper forests were cleared to create more forage for the cattle and bison.The long drought forced cattlemen to take their livestock off the range earlier this year, and wildlife officials fear another year of drought will kill the better grasses and do long-term damage to the bison's habitat.Karpowitz points out that bison are hardy animals that have pulled through droughts before. "But," he adds, "the long-range future of the buffalo herd in the Henry Mountains depends on improving their habitat."Habitat improvement in southern Utah means clearing some of the pinyon and juniper forests that cover the hillsides by dragging a massive chain across the ground to uproot the trees. Last summer wilderness groups protested the practice.Karpowitz says without hesitation that selective chainings create grassy oases for wildlife and cattle. The agency had plans for limited chainings in the Henry Mountains, but several environmental groups, including the Sierra Club, appealed the plan, stopping projects for the next several years.Karpowitz warns: 'Without any habitat improvement there will be less wildlife, and livestock peopb can expect less forage for livestock. There will be less of everything for everybody."ΓÇöVicky Osborn Vicky Osborn is an associate news producer at KUTV, Salt Lake City, Utah.Osborn, Vicky. "Drought Afflicts Bison in Henry Mountains." High Country News. 31 December 1990. Page 7.</text>
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<text>Osborn, Vicky. "Drought Afflicts Bison in Henry Mountains." High Country News. 31 December 1990. Page 7.</text>
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<text>By Bert RobinsonKNIGHT-RIDDER NEWSPAPERSAs small as an index finger and no heavier than a fountain pen, the delta smelt is so delicate that one biologist jokes, "You can just look at it cross-eyed and it's dead." Yet this obscure fish may soon have the power to transform the water system on which half of California depends.Over the past decade, the smelt's numbers have undergone a crash of dinosaurian proportions, as water projects drained its habitat to quench the huge state's thirst.Now the federal government is expected to do what it has done in 600 similar cases of population decline: offer the protection of the Endangered Species Act.But the delta smelt is more than just another rare fish. It is one of a handful of species whose protection is threatening to force enormous changes in Western ways of life.In Washington, Oregon, and California, old-line timber companies claim they are at the brink of collapse, barred from eight million acres of prime forest land because of the protected northern spotted owl. Throughout that same region, residents hear talk of a 33-percent jump in electric rates, as hydropower operations are curtailed because of their effects on the protected sockeye salmon.The smelt may have similar impact, siphoning off billions of gallons of water now used by an estimated 18 million people. And like the other two species, the smelt is also bidding to make the West confront some searching questions ΓÇöabout the law that gives species this power, and about the development in the region, which has driven so many plants and animals to the brink of extinction."These are far deeper questions than what's wrong with individual species," said Robert Irvin, the National Wildlife Foundation's resident expert on endangered species law. "These are questions about what we've done to transform our environment, and what we have to do to set it right.""It'll be the delta smelt versus everyone who takes water out of the delta," argues Greg Wilkinson, an attorney for the State Water Contractors Association. "That's what the law brings us to."Once notable for little more than its cucumbery odor, the delta smelt began its fast rise toward fame in the early 1980s. It was then that a group of scientists noted the disappearance of the silvery blue fish from its sole habitat, the placid backwaters of the Sacramento delta."So we started to work through a list of possible causes, of reasons why this could be happening," recalled Bruce Herbold, a fisheries biologist. After considering toxics, predators and changes in diet, Herbold and his team concluded that only one factor was significant enough to make the difference: the state's two largest water projects.The twoΓÇöthe federal Central Valley Project and the State Water ProjectΓÇödeliver the lifeblood of modern California: water from northern rivers that travels hundreds of miles to drench farmland and subdivisions to the south. Each employs the fragile Sacramento delta, a natural network of marshes and streams, as a conduit. The biologists hypothesized this coopting of the delta had devastated the smelt population.In essence, they suggested, the smelt were abandoning their calm habitat to follow the fresh water being sucked toward water project canals. That path was fraught with hazardΓÇöranging from a lack of tasty zooplankton, the smelt's favored food, to the inexorably turning screws of the projects' pumps.The result: from a high of 2 million, the smelt population had plummeted to no more than 200,000. Figuring another bad year or two could mean the end, the biologists decided in late 1989 to seek federal protection for the fish.Today the debate over the smelt has shifted to Interior Department headquarters in Washington, where a succession of water contractors' lobbyistsΓÇöand a fair number of state officialsΓÇöare making the case against the smelt. They're arguing that its population is only a rainy year or two from rebounding. And they're saying that moves to protect it could cost California up to 40 percent of the water that moves through the two projects in dry years.Their desperation is driven by the power of the Endangered Species Act. Widely considered the most potent of the nation's environmental laws, the act flatly forbids any government action that could harm a protected species. In the past, environmentalists have used those provisions to prevent the government from opening pristine land to housing subdivisions. But lately, activists have realized that other government endeavors ΓÇö like operating a water projectΓÇöare also fair game."The Endangered Species Act gives us a hammer to change things that have needed changing for a long time," said Sami Yassa of the Natural Resources Defense Counsel, one of the most litigious of the Western environmental groups.California's water contractors need only look north to see the possibilities. As a result of the act, federal power agencies are slashing operations along the Columbia and Snake Rivers, to clear a path to the sea for the sockeye salmon. Nearby, a federal judge is wrestling with federal resources agencies over control of the region's ancient forests, the habitat of the spotted owl.For California, the owl's saga contains perhaps the most chilling elements. The possibility of a federal judge controlling California water projects fills state officials with dread.But if it comes to that, many of these officials believe that Californians will move to the forefront of a nationwide debate over the Endangered Species Act. Ultimately, they say, the West itself will decide the price of preservation."The people of California will either choose to have lots of (species) protection and cutbacks in water deliveries," said Randy Brown, chief of the environmental studies branch for the Department of Water Resources. "Or they'll decide to have less protection, and a little more water."Robinson, Bert. "Saving Fish May Make California Thirstier." Knight-Ridder New Service story in Albuquerque Journal. 17 August 1991. </text>
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<text>Robinson, Bert. "Saving Fish May Make California Thirstier." Knight- Ridder New Service story in Albuquerque Journal. 17 August 1991.</text>
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<text>DESCRIPTION: viii, 40 p. : ill. ; 28 cm. NOTES Ecological research series ; EPA-600/3-78-036 "April 1978." "Contract no. R803680030." Bibliography: p. 36-39. SUBJECTS 1. Food chains (Ecology)--Mathematical models. 2. Water--Pollution OTHER HEADINGS I. Environmental Research Laboratory (Duluth, Minn.) II. Research reporting series. 3, Ecological research; EPA-600/3-78-036. LOCATION Zimmerman Government Publications CALL NUMBER #EP 1.23:600/3-78-036 </text>
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<text>Thomann, Robert V. "Size dependent model of hazardous substances in aquatic food chain." Duluth, Minn. : Environmental Research Laboratory - Duluth, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA; Springfield, Va. : NTIS [distributor, 1978] </text>
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<text>FIRST NATIONAL PARK IN BELIZE An international group of environmental activists and pilots scored a major victory on May 17, 1990 in the struggle to protect tropical rain forests. The Government of Belize and Lighthawk (the air force of the environmental movement) announced the creation of the Bladen National Park in the southern mountains of the small Central American country. Mr. David Gibson, Belize's Permanent Secretary for the Ministry of Industry and Natural Resources, and Byron Swift, Executive Director of IUCN-US, joined Michael Stewartt, Lighthawk's Executive Director, in making the announcement in Washington, D.C. The new park was officially signed into law in Belize on June 5, World Environment Day. Named after the Bladen River, which runs through the area, this is the first national park established in Belize. The new park will protect more than 80,000 acres of virgin tropical forest and two watersheds in the Maya Mountains. Resulting tourism will attract more jobs and money to the local people than the logging of this lush forest would have provided. The financial advantage of an intact tropical forest - with its immense diversity of plants and wildlife - was one of Lighthawk's key selling points in promoting the idea of Bladen National Park to the government. An initial management endowment has been provided by the World Parks Endowment, affiliated with IUCN - the World Conservation Union. This non-profit trust establishes endowments and purchases land to conserve the world's most important natural areas. The initial $100,000 for the Bladen endowment was donated by the Frank Weeden Foundation to World Parks Endowment. The Endowment hopes to double this amount. Until this announcement, the rain forest was threatened by proposals for logging concessions. A study by the Manomet Bird Observatory indicates that the long-term production of income from natural history tourists, eager to glimpse the spectacular waterfalls and wildlife, including more than 300 animal species, far outweighs the short-term gain available through logging the rugged terrain. Local environmentalists have hoped for protection of the area since the late 1970s. The international campaign to get the region withdrawn from logging concessions and declared a national park began early in 1988. Lighthawk, a non-profit group of environmental activists, based in Santa Fe, New Mexico, uses flight, research and political organizing to uncover and resolve critical natural resource problems. Lighthawk pilots flew many members of the Belize government, as well as leading Belizean conservationists, over the area for their first look at the limestone karst topography and verdant forests of this remote part of Belize. A key link in the protection efforts has been the Belize Audubon Society and especially its president, Dr. Victor Gonzalez. He and the Lighthawk team drafted the preliminary proposals for Belize's Deputy Prime Minister/Minister of Industry and Natural Resources, the Honorable Florencio Marin. Lighthawk has pledged to help raise nearly $300,000 for the establishment of a visitor's center in the new park and is ecstatic about being able to provide protection for such a large tract of tropical forest.Villa-Lobos, Jane; ed. "FIRST NATIONAL PARK IN BELIZE." Biological Conservation Newsletter. National Museum of Natural History. June 1990, No. 86.</text>
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<text>Villa-Lobos, Jane; ed. "FIRST NATIONAL PARK IN BELIZE." Biological Conservation Newsletter. National Museum of Natural History. June 1990, No. 86.</text>
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